The Terminology of Cannabis Extracts

Cannabis extracts have become increasingly popular in recent years, driven by the expanding legalization across various regions and the growing interest in the therapeutic and recreational benefits of cannabis. Understanding the terminology associated with cannabis extracts is essential for both consumers and professionals in the cannabis industry. This article delves into the common terms used to describe different types of cannabis extracts, providing a clear and detailed overview.

Cannabinoids

Before delving into the types of extracts, it's important to understand cannabinoids, the compounds responsible for the effects of cannabis. The two most well-known cannabinoids are tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). THC is known for its psychoactive properties, while CBD is celebrated for its potential therapeutic benefits without causing a high. Other notable cannabinoids include cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV).

Full-Spectrum, Broad-Spectrum, and Isolate

These terms describe the cannabinoid content within cannabis extracts:

• Full-Spectrum: Contains all cannabinoids, terpenes, and other plant compounds present in the cannabis plant. This extract is believed to provide the entourage effect, where the compounds work synergistically for enhanced benefits.
• Broad-Spectrum: Similar to full-spectrum but with the THC removed completely. This extract still offers many of the plant's potential benefits without the psychoactive effects of THC.
• Isolate: This is the purest form of a single cannabinoid, usually CBD or THC. All other plant materials and cannabinoids are removed, leaving behind a crystalline or powdered product.

Extraction Methods

The process used to obtain cannabis extracts can significantly influence the final product. Here are some common extraction methods:

• CO2 Extraction: This method uses supercritical CO2 to pull cannabinoids and terpenes from the plant material. It's known for producing clean, high-quality extracts without using harmful solvents.
• Solvent-Based Extraction: Solvents like butane, propane, or ethanol are used to dissolve cannabinoids and terpenes. The mixture is then refined to remove the solvent, leaving behind a concentrated extract. Popular solvent-based extracts include Butane Hash Oil (BHO) and Rick Simpson Oil (RSO).
• Solventless Extraction: Techniques such as dry sifting or ice water extraction isolate cannabinoids and terpenes without using any solvents. The resulting products include kief and hashish.

Common Types of Cannabis Extracts

There are numerous forms of cannabis extracts, each offering unique characteristics and uses:

• Shatter: This is a brittle, glass-like extract that contains high levels of cannabinoids and is made using hydrocarbon solvents like butane.
• Wax: A softer, opaque form of extract that can be sticky or crumbly. It's also made using hydrocarbon solvents and is valued for its potency.
• Live Resin: Produced from freshly harvested cannabis that is frozen to preserve terpenes, providing a more aromatic and flavorful product.
• Rosin: This solventless extract is obtained by applying heat and pressure to the cannabis plant, producing a high-quality concentrate without the use of chemicals.
• Tinctures: Liquid extracts made by soaking cannabis in alcohol or glycerin. Tinctures are commonly used for precise dosing, often administered sublingually.
• Distillate: Highly refined cannabis oil that has been stripped of all materials except the desired cannabinoids. It is often used in vape cartridges and edibles due to its high potency and purity.

Conclusion

The terminology surrounding cannabis extracts can be complex, but understanding these terms is crucial for making informed decisions about cannabis products. Whether for medical or recreational use, being knowledgeable about the types of extracts, their cannabinoid content, and extraction methods can enhance the overall cannabis experience. By grasping these concepts, consumers and industry professionals alike can better navigate the ever-evolving world of cannabis.